INTRODUCTIONTheN-α-Fmoc-α-aminoisobutyricacidderivative（Aib）isadifficultderivativeforcouplinginSPPSduetoitssecondmethylgroupontheα-carbonthatinterfereswiththecouplingreaction（Figure1）.However,itcanbefoundinanumberofbiologicallyrelevantcompo...

INTRODUCTIONTheAKR/Grossmurineleukemiaviruses（MuLV）areC-typeretrovirusesthatcausethedevelopmentofleukemiainAKR（H-2k）mice.1Type-specificantiretroviralcytotoxicT-lymphocyte（CTL）responseshavebeenreportedthatallowdifferentiationbetweeninfection...

INTRODUCTIONInthedevelopmentofantibodiesdirectedagainstspecificpeptidesequences,T-helperepitopesareoftentaggedontothepeptidesequencetoaidinthestimulationoftheimmuneresponse.OnesuchsequenceistheuniversalPanHLADR-bindingepitope（PADRE）.Synthes...

INTRODUCTIONOnechallengefacingpeptidesynthesisisthe-lactamformationofarginine（Figure1）.Theformationof-lactamoccurswhentheinternalnitrogenoftheguanidineattackstheactivatedester,irreversiblyformingthelactamring.Thisreactioniscompetitivewithpe...

INTRODUCTIONOnepotentialissueinpeptidesynthesisisracemizationofcysteineａndhistidine.Thisisaconcernformicrowavepeptidesyntheisbecauseoftheelevatedtemperaturesduringdeprotectionａndcoupling.Studieshaveshownthatloweringthetemperatureto50°Cdurin...

INTRODUCTIONVIP（vasoactiveintestinalpeptide）,apeptidehormone,hasbeenimplicatedinanumberofbiologicalprocessesincluding:increasingdigestivesystemmotility,stimulatingpepsinogensecretion,controllingthemammaliancircadiantimekeepingmachinery,regu...